PHOTOMEDICINE STUDIES

Photomedicine Penetration

Transcranial Photomedicine: simulation of dosimetry
Harvard Psychiatry Department, Harvard Medical School : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/tPBM-Dosimetry-Study-Feb-2020.pdf

Red and NIR light dosimetry in the human deep brain
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Switzerland :https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Red-and-NIR-light-dosimetry-in-the-human-brain.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273781132_Red_and_NIR_light_dosimetry_in_the_human_deep_brain

Photon Penetration Depth in Human Brains

 The University of Southern California : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Monte_Carlo_NIR-penetration.pdf

Monte Carlo analysis of the enhanced transcranial penetration using distributed near-infrared emitter array.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science :https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/PBM-Brain-Penetrance.pdf

Transcranial Red and Near Infrared Light Penetration in Cadavers
State University of New York Downstate Medical Center : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047460

Cellular Effects

Photobiomodulation Directly Benefits Primary Neurons Functionally Inactivated by Toxins
Medical College of Wisconsin : https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(20)76125-9/fulltext

Neuroprotective effects of photomedicine: Evidence from assembly/disassembly of the Cytoskeleton
University of Sydney : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292675955_Neuroprotective_Effects_Against_POCD_by_Photobiomodulation_Evidence_from_AssemblyDisassembly_of_the_Cytoskeleton

Photobiomodulation – mitochondrial ROS generation and calcium increase in neuronal synapses.
Lin-Kou Medical Center, Taiwan : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15126282/

Infrared neural stimulation and functional recruitment of the peripheral Nerve
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University : https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=case1363640552&disposition=inline

Cognition

Effect of Transcranial Low-Level Light Therapy vs Sham Therapy Among Patients With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TBI-Study-figueiro_longo_2020_oi_200627_1599233013.98295-Sep-2020.pdf

Brain Photomedicine Therapy: a Narrative Review
Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041198/

Psychological benefits with near infrared light to the forehead: a pilot study on depression
The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and the Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Depression-and-anxiety-study-1744-9081-5-46-2009.pdf

Cognitive Enhancement by Transcranial Photobiomodulation Is Associated With Cerebrovascular Oxygenation of the Prefrontal Cortex
Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Cognitive-enhancement-by-Transcranial-Photobiomodulation.pdf

Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy
Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore : https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00089/full

Transcranial Photobiomodulation For The Management Of Depression: Current Perspectives
Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA : https://www.vielight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Transcranial-Photobiomodulation-for-Depression-Management-NYU-Study-2019.pdf

Increased Functional Connectivity Within Intrinsic Neural Networks in Chronic Stroke Following Treatment With Red/Near-Infrared Transcranial Photobiomodulation
Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School : https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/photob.2019.4630

Review of transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive disorder: targeting brain metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurogenesis
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital : https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/neurophotonics/volume-3/issue-03/031404/Review-of-transcranial-photobiomodulation-for-major-depressive-disorder--targeting/10.1117/1.NPh.3.3.031404.full?SSO=1

Shining light on the head : Photobiomodulation for brain disorders
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5066074/ 

Improved cognitive function after transcranial, light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, traumatic brain injury: two case reports
Boston University, School of Medicine : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21182447/

Augmentation of cognitive brain functions with transcranial lasers
Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953713/pdf/fnsys-08-00036.pdf

Neurological and psychological applications of transcranial lasers and LEDs
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas : https://gwern.net/doc/nootropic/2013-rojas.pdf

Novel Methods

A novel method of applying NIR light intracranially, impact on dopaminergic cell survival
University of Sydney, CEA-Leti : 

Low Level Systemic (via blood) Photobiomodulation

General research

Blood contains circulating cell-free respiratory competent mitochondria
Université de Montpellier : 

Interplay between up-regulation of cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemoglobin oxygenation induced by near-infrared laser
University of Austin at Texas :

Red/Near Infrared Light Stimulates Release of an Endothelium Dependent Vasodilator and Rescues Vascular Dysfunction
US Veterans Affairs :

Low-Level Light Therapy Protects Red Blood Cells Against Oxidative Stress and Hemolysis During Extracorporeal Circulation
Regional Specialist Hospital, Poland :

How Photons Modulate Wound Healing via the Immune System
King’s College London (KCL), University of London :

Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinic Report of Intranasal Low-Intensity Laser Therapy on Vascular Diseases
Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, China : 

Blood Laser Irradiation : current state and future perspectives
ABER Institute, Helsinki, Finland : 

Intravenous Laser Blood Irradiation
MH Weber : 

Applications of Intranasal Low Intensity Laser Therapy In Sports Medicine
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, World Scientific : 

Formation of gigantic mitochondria in human blood lymphocytes under the effect of a low level laser source
Institute on Laser and Informatic Technologies of Russian Acad: 

Irradiation with He-Ne laser increases ATP level in cells cultivated in vitro
National Cancer Research Centre of the Academy of Medicine and Science : 

Photomedicine Mechanisms

Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications : 

Therapeutic Photobiomodulation: Nitric Oxide and a Novel Function of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase : 

Mechanisms of Low Level Light Therapy :

Basic Photomedicine : 

The Nuts and Bolts of Low Level Light Therapy :

Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial
Institutes – University of California San Francisco & the Veterans Affairs USA

Published Study (Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2018) 

Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report
Co-authoring institutes – Harvard Medical School, Boston University School of Medicine

Published Study (Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2015) 

Vielight Neuro RX Gamma – Pivotal Phase III Clinical Trial
Co-institutes – St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto

Clinical Trial Information Link (Clinicaltrials.gov – subsidiary of the US National Library of Medicine) ] (228 participants | 3 years | Ongoing)

Revitalizing Cognition in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease With Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation

Institutes – University of Florida, University of Arizona, National Institute on Aging (NIA)

Clinical Trial Information Link (US National Library of Medicine)  (168 participants | 5 years | Registration)

Impact of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Institutes – University of California San Francisco

Clinical Trial Information Link (Clinicaltrials.gov – subsidiary of the US National Library of Medicine) / UCSF Clinical Trials  (16 participants | 1.5 years | Ongoing)

Transcranial Photobiomodulation Treatment Effects In Former Athletes With Repetitive Head Hits
Institutes – Department of Neurology, University of Utah

Published Abstract Link (Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology) | Research Interview Link ]

Changes in Brain Function and Structure After Self-Administered Home Photobiomodulation Treatment in a Concussion Case
Institutes – VA Advanced Imaging Research Center, San Francisco VA Health Care System, Departments of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco

Published Study Link (Frontiers, Neurology, 2020) | 

National Center for Biotechnology Information Link 

Photobiomodulation to Improve Cognition in TBI, With fMRI
Institutes – Boston Veterans Affairs Research Institute

Clinical Trial Information Link (US National Library of Medicine) (20 participants | 1 years | Ongoing)

Parkinson’s Disease

Improvements in clinical signs of Parkinson’s disease using photobiomodulation: A prospective proof-of-concept study
Institutes – University of Sydney, University of New South Wales, Griffith University

Published Study Link (Liebert, 2021) 

Pilot Intervention With Near Infrared Stimulation
Institutes – University of Florida

 Clinical Trial Information Link (US National Library of Medicine)  (135 participants | 4 years | Ongoing)

Evaluation of dose of Photobiomodulation (Light) Therapy and Physiotherapy for Improving Quality of Life Outcomes and Mobility in Parkinson’s Disease (Pilot)
Institutes – University of Sydney, University of Brisbane

Clinical Trial Information Link (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry)  (16 participants | 1.5 years | Ongoing)

Improvements in Gulf War Illness Symptoms After Near-Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Two Case Reports
Institutes – University of California San Francisco & the Veterans Affairs USA

Published Study Link (Military Medicine, 184, 9/10:5, 2019) 

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Retrospective Study
Institutes – Neurodevelopment Division, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY

[ Published Study Link (MDPI Children, May 2022) ]

Vielight RX Plus for the Treatment of COVID-19 Respiratory Symptoms (COVIDLight)
Various clinical sites

Pre-print of Results ] (280 participants | 1 years | Ongoing)

Brain EEG Modulation and Cellular Effects

Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of Living Cells, Tubulin, and Microtubules In Vitro
Institutes – Department of Physics and the Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta | Scholes Lab, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States | Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Published Study Link (Frontiers in Medical Technology, 2022) 

Pulsed Near Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation Significantly Modulates Neural Oscillations: a pilot exploratory study
Institutes – Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Published Study Link (Nature, Scientific Reports, 2019) |

National Center for Biotechnology Information Link 

Exploring the Effects of Near Infrared Light on Resting and Evoked Brain Activity in Humans Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Institutes – University of Sydney

Published Study Link (Elsevier, December 2019) ]

Modulation of cortical oscillations using 10hz near-infrared transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation: a randomized sham-controlled crossover study

 Abstract Text Link (Brain Stimulation Journal, December 2021)